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15829115 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff%20Clark%20%28designer%29 | Jeff Clark (designer) | Jeff Clark (born 1971) is an American poet and book designer.
Biography
Clark grew up in southern California. He studied at UC Davis and completed a Master of Fine Arts in poetry at the Iowa Writer's Workshop. At Davis, Clark drummed for the band Buick, whose album Sweatertongue was released by Lather Records in 1992.
In 1995, he moved to San Francisco, where he wrote poetry, edited the zine Faucheuse, and worked at a book design studio.
Writing
Clark's first book, The Little Door Slides Back, was a 1996 winner of the National Poetry Series award. It was published by Sun and Moon Press in 1997, and reprinted in 2004 by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. John Yau, writing in Boston Review, said that Clark evoked "a fragile, interior world largely lit by the moon, cheap paperbacks, and noir movies, a place in which predicaments and paradoxes abound." Farrar Straus Giroux also published Clark's second collection, Music and Suicide, which received the 2004 James Laughlin Award. John Beer in Chicago Review said "its ambition is more erotic than programmatic, which makes it hard to place in a critical landscape dominated by twin towers of linguistic materialism and idle taste-mongering. But if this erotic ambition is one more aspect of Clark's untimeliness, that untimeliness may allow him to escape mere datedness to disclose a new poetic future for us all."
In 2000, German artist Cosima von Bonin created an installation entitled The Little Door Slides Back for the Kunstverein Braunschweig. Also in 2000, Z Press published Sun On 6, which was printed by Leslie Miller at The Grenfell Press. In addition to Clark's poem, it contains Jasper Johns' first linocut.
In June 2006, Clark and Geoffrey G. O'Brien released a collaborative book entitled 2A, and in 2009, Turtle Point Press published Ruins, a limited edition book that Clark wrote, illustrated, and designed. With Robert Bononno, Clark translated Stéphane Mallarmé's Un Coup de Dés Jamais N'Abolira Le Hasard (Wave Books, 2015). In 2017, Image Text Ithaca released Question Like a Face. a limited-edition collaborative work, with text by Christine Hume and image treatments by Clark.
Book Design
Clark's book design studio, Crisis, is based in Ypsilanti, Michigan. He has designed books for, among others, AK Press, University of Minnesota Press, Flood Editions, Leon Works, Kelsey Street Press, the Jargon Society, Dalkey Archive Press, Wave Books, Farrar Straus Giroux, Black Square Editions, City Lights Books, and MOCAD (Museum of Contemporary Art Detroit). He also designs the covers for Two Lines, the literary journal from the Center for the Art of Translation.
In January 2008, Publishers Weekly wrote: "Clark has become one of poetry's most prolific and influential book designers, whose distinctive treatments—characterized by spacious covers; hip, angular fonts; varied elements that elide into one another—a frequent poetry reader could recognize from a distance."
References
External links
Publishers Weekly piece on Jeff Clark
Crisis
1971 births
American male poets
University of California, Davis alumni
People from Ypsilanti, Michigan
Living people
Book designers
21st-century American poets
21st-century American male writers |
15829116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresville | Fresville | Fresville () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15829124 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gathemo | Gathemo | Gathemo () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15829129 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gatteville-le-Phare | Gatteville-le-Phare | Gatteville-le-Phare () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
Antipodes Islands, the exact antipodes of Gatteville-le-Phare
References
Gattevillelephare |
15829131 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavray | Gavray | Gavray () is a former commune in the Manche department in north-western France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Gavray-sur-Sienne.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche |
15829134 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geffosses | Geffosses | Geffosses () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche
Populated coastal places in France |
15829136 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Lassie%20%281954%20TV%20series%29%20episodes | List of Lassie (1954 TV series) episodes | This is a complete list of episodes of the Lassie television series. Created by Robert Maxwell, Lassie premiered on CBS on September 12, 1954, where it aired for seventeen seasons, before moving to first run syndication for its final two seasons. The final episode of the series aired on March 24, 1973. Maxwell also acted as the show's producer until 1957, when Jack Wrather purchased the production company and show. He would be the show's producer for the rest of its run. The series continued to air in rerun syndication (both on broadcast TV and cable), off and on, for another 50 years. In syndication, the episodes in which Lassie was paired with the Miller family were often aired under the name Jeff's Collie, while the years with the Martin family were sometimes aired under the name Timmy & Lassie.
The 591-episode series is generally broken into five parts, based on the ownership of Lassie. The "Miller years" (Jeff's Collie) comprise the first three seasons of the series and part of the fourth, during which Lassie is owned by Jeff Miller (Tommy Rettig). In the middle of the fourth season, the unexpected death of George Cleveland is mirrored in the show with the unexpected death of his character, "Gramps." The farm is then sold to the Martin family, which also adopts Ellen Miller's foster child, Timmy (Jon Provost), and Jeff gives Lassie to Timmy to help him cope. The "Martin years" (Timmy & Lassie) would run until 1964.
At the opening of the 11th season, a job transfer sees the Martins moving to Australia and having to leave Lassie behind in the United States. After a brief stay with family friend Cully Wilson, Lassie joins Corey Stuart (Robert Bray), a ranger with the United States Forestry Service. Early in the 15th season, Stuart is badly injured in a forest fire, but Lassie remains with the forest service in the care of rangers Scott Turner (Jed Allan) and Bob Erickson (Jack De Mave). The "Ranger years" end at the end of the 16th season.
During the 17th season, the series became somewhat of an anthology, as Lassie is now (with no explanation) on her own without human caretakers, traveling from place to place, helping people and other animals as needed before moving on to her next destination. Season 17 would be the series' last on CBS, which canceled the series in 1971 as part of the "rural purge" (a move to replace what was seen as rural/family based shows with what was deemed to be more urban centered, "socially relevant" programming). During the final two seasons (the "Holden Ranch years"), the show moved to first-run syndication, and Lassie was taken in by the caretakers of the Holden Ranch - a ranch for troubled children - where she settled in for the remainder of the series.
Series overview
Episodes
Miller years
Season 1 (1954–55)
Season 2 (1955–56)
Season 3 (1956–57)
Martin years
In syndication, these seasons were often retitled to Timmy and Lassie.
Season 4 (1957–58)
Season 5 (1958–59)
Season 6 (1959–60)
Season 7 (1960–61)
Season 8 (1961–62)
Season 9 (1962–63)
Season 10 (1963–64)
Ranger years
Season 11 (1964–65)
This is the last season to be produced in black-and-white
Season 12 (1965–66)
All episodes (season 12 and onwards) in color
Season 13 (1966–67)
Season 14 (1967–68)
Season 15 (1968–69)
Season 16 (1969–70)
On her own
Season 17 (1970–71)
This is the last season to air originally on CBS.
Holden Ranch years
Season 18 (1971–72)
This is the first season to air in first-run syndication
Season 19 (1972–73)
Notes
References
General
Sources
Lists of American drama television series episodes
Lists of American children's television series episodes
Episodes |
15829139 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gen%C3%AAts | Genêts | Genêts () is a commune in the department of Manche, in northwestern France. It was the port of the oppidum Ingena (now Avranches), the main settlement of the Abrincatui.
The Manoir de Brion, an ancient Benedictine priory of the abbey of Mont Saint-Michel is located nearby. The tidal island of Tombelaine, offshore, is in the commune.
Demographic evolution
Administration
Mayors
See also
Communes of the Manche department
Notes
Communes of Manche |
15829141 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ger%2C%20Manche | Ger, Manche | Ger () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France. The Musée régional de la poterie (regional pottery museum) is located in the commune.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
Parc naturel régional Normandie-Maine
References
Communes of Manche |
15829155 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C3%A9ville | Giéville | Giéville () is a former commune in the Manche department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Torigny-les-Villes. The commune has a population of 679 people (2019).
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche |
15829160 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Glacerie | La Glacerie | La Glacerie () is a former commune in the Manche department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Cherbourg-en-Cotentin.
Heraldry
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Glacerie |
15829161 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarac%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Clarac, Hautes-Pyrénées | Clarac () is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829165 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glatigny%2C%20Manche | Glatigny, Manche | Glatigny () is a former commune in the Manche department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of La Haye.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche |
15829169 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leave%20It%20All%20to%20Me | Leave It All to Me | "Leave It All to Me" is the debut single by American actress and singer Miranda Cosgrove, featuring Drake Bell, from the Nickelodeon show iCarlys soundtrack album of the same name (2008). The song was written by Michael Corcoran, one of Bell's band members. It was released as the lead single from the album on December 18, 2007, by Nickelodeon Records and distributed by Sony BMG Music Entertainment, standing as Cosgrove's debut release. A remix by Billboard was released on the soundtrack album iCarly: iSoundtrack II on January 24, 2012.
The song served as the theme song for the original show and the 2021 revival. A pop song, it is about seeing the brighter side of every situation. It peaked at number 100 on the US Billboard Hot 100, giving both Cosgrove and Bell their first Hot 100 hit in the United States. A music video was released for the song in June 2008 and was later uploaded to Cosgrove's YouTube channel in September 2010. Cosgrove performed "Leave It All to Me" during her debut solo tour the Dancing Crazy Tour in 2011.
Background and composition
Cosgrove was asked by the producers of iCarly if she wanted to record a theme song for the show. The actress explained she had never made a song or been in a recording studio, but agreed and was very excited. She recalled that she had a good time making the song and wanted to record more of it. After it was recorded, "Leave It All to Me" ended up being the theme song for iCarly. Cosgrove told Seventeen that "Leave It All to Me" would serve as the theme song for the 2021 iCarly revival. The actress had to fight hard to keep the original recording of the song to serve as the revival's theme song: "We went around a bunch of times, thinking of maybe re-recording the same song now or doing a different song. But, for me, when I watch revivals, I always am hoping for the original theme song and I feel like none of them ever really stick with the original. So we ended up going with the same one in the end". The song was written by Michael Corcoran, one of Drake Bell's band members. It stars Cosgrove and features Bell, who co-starred with her in Drake & Josh. "Leave It All to Me" is a pop song. Lyrically, the song is about seeing the positives of every situation, giving the best effort possible, taking some chances, and realizing that some things are just intended to be.
Release and reception
"Leave It All to Me" was released on December 18, 2007, as the lead single on the soundtrack album "iCarly, through Nickelodeon and Columbia Records." A remix by Billboard was released on the soundtrack album iCarly: iSoundtrack II on January 24, 2012. Writing for MTV News, Crystal Bell ranked "Leave it All to Me" at number 12 on her The 17 Best Nickelodeon Theme Songs, Ranked list', saying that "the only thing that makes this better is knowing Drake Bell provided the background vocals". "Leave It All to Me" debuted and peaked at number 100 on the US Billboard Hot 100, giving Cosgrove and Bell their first Hot 100 hit in the United States. The song lasted for one week on the chart.
Promotion and impact
The official music video for "Leave It All to Me" was released in June 2008. The video was later released to Cosgrove's YouTube channel on September 28, 2010. Cosgrove would perform "Leave It All to Me" during her first headlining 2011 concert tour the Dancing Crazy Tour. Bell joined Cosgrove to perform the song at Club Nokia, with his appearance gathering cheers from the crowd.
In January 2017, it had been around six years since Cosgrove released her second extended play High Maintenance, and took a break from making music to attend college at the University of Southern California. Bell wished she came back to making music and shared a throwback video of him and Cosgrove dancing to the song. In April 2017, Noah Cyrus revealed that she was a huge fan of iCarly. Cyrus made a video of herself lip-syncing the song and would later post it on her Instagram account. A French version of the song titled "Laissez Moi Tout" was performed by Jaquel Spivey, featured in the film Mean Girls (2024) and appears in the Bonus Track Version of the film's soundtrack.
Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from Tidal.
Miranda Cosgrove vocals
Drake Bell vocals
Michael Corcoran writer
Charts
References
External links
Articles containing video clips
2007 debut singles
2007 songs
Comedy television theme songs
Drake Bell songs
ICarly
Miranda Cosgrove songs
Songs written by Michael Corcoran (musician)
Songs written for television series
Sony BMG singles |
15829176 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Godefroy | La Godefroy | La Godefroy () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Godefroy |
15829179 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Gohanni%C3%A8re | La Gohannière | La Gohannière () is a former commune in the Manche department in north-western France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune of Tirepied-sur-Sée.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Gohanniere |
15829183 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gensac | Gensac | Gensac may refer to the following communes in France:
Gensac, Gironde, in the Gironde department
Gensac, Hautes-Pyrénées, in the Hautes-Pyrénées department
Gensac, Tarn-et-Garonne, in the Tarn-et-Garonne department
Gensac-de-Boulogne, in the Haute-Garonne department
Gensac-la-Pallue, in the Charente department
Gensac-sur-Garonne, in the Haute-Garonne department |
15829184 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golleville | Golleville | Golleville () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15829186 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonfreville | Gonfreville | Gonfreville () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15829196 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonneville%2C%20Manche | Gonneville, Manche | Gonneville () is a former commune in the Manche department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Gonneville-le-Theil.
Climate
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche |
15829199 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouberville | Gouberville | Gouberville () is a former commune in the Manche department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Vicq-sur-Mer.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche
Populated coastal places in France |
15829200 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atys%20%28King%20of%20Alba%20Longa%29 | Atys (King of Alba Longa) | In Roman mythology, Atys (said to have reigned 989-963 BC) was a descendant of Alba and the sixth king of Alba Longa. Geoffrey of Monmouth asserted in his Historia Regum Britanniae that Silvius (whom he calls "Silvius Epitus") succeeded Alba at the same time that Solomon began to build the Temple in Jerusalem, and king Leil of Britain founded Carlisle. The king is thought to be the Ancestor of Atia gens.
Family tree
Notes
Kings of Alba Longa |
15829201 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gourfaleur | Gourfaleur | Gourfaleur () is a former commune in the Manche department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Bourgvallées.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche |
15829204 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouville-sur-Mer | Gouville-sur-Mer | Gouville-sur-Mer (, literally Gouville on Sea) is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, the former commune of Boisroger was merged into Gouville-sur-Mer. On 1 January 2019, the former communes of Anneville-sur-Mer, Montsurvent and Servigny were merged into Gouville-sur-Mer.
Population
Heraldry
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Gouvillesurmer
Populated coastal places in France |
15829209 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%20Grand-Celland | Le Grand-Celland | Le Grand-Celland () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Grandcelland |
15829215 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gratot | Gratot | Gratot () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15829220 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A9ville-Hague | Gréville-Hague | Gréville-Hague () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune La Hague. A hamlet (Gruchy) of the village is the birthplace of Jean-François Millet, a notable impressionist painter. Several of his most important paintings depict local landscapes or rural labour.
Location of a major World War II battery, as well as massive French fortifications (never completed) to protect the deep-water port of Cherbourg.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Grevillehague |
15829222 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gensac%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Gensac, Hautes-Pyrénées | Gensac is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829224 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grimesnil | Grimesnil | Grimesnil () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15829226 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gu%C3%A9h%C3%A9bert | Guéhébert | Guéhébert () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune Quettreville-sur-Sienne.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche |
15829230 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guilberville | Guilberville | Guilberville () is a former commune in the Manche department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Torigny-les-Villes. The population was 1,225 in 2019.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche |
15829234 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%20Ham%2C%20Manche | Le Ham, Manche | Le Ham () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Ham |
15829237 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hambye | Hambye | Hambye () is a commune in the Manche department in northwestern France. Its inhabitants are called Hambion(ne)s or Hambyon(ne)s in French.
The commune is twinned with the village of Lacey Green in Buckinghamshire, England.
Heraldry
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15829241 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamelin%2C%20Manche | Hamelin, Manche | Hamelin () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche
Manche communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
15829246 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerde | Gerde | Gerde may refer to:
People
Oszkár Gerde (1883-1944), Hungarian 2x Olympic champion sabre fencer
Places
Gerde, Hautes-Pyrénées, commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department, France
Gerde, Hungary, village in the Baranya county, Hungary |
15829248 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardinvast | Hardinvast | Hardinvast () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
History
Toward the end of the 12th century, Eudes de Sottevast was lord and in charge of the place.
In the Middle Ages, from 1325 an anual fair had place in the village in the "Ferrage" (the shoeing
), it was called "la foire aux draps" (the fair of sheets/blankets).
In the village there is an old parish, neighbour of the one in Tollevast, but there is not any trace left of the medieval church, only subsist a few rests from a Merovingian necropolis that has been discovered on the heights of the village and are a testimony of a previous occupation of the place.
The church in Hardinvast is actually quite new, especially if you compare it to the 12th century churches of the nearby towns of Tollevast or Martinvast : the construction of the church began in the 17th century and the bell tower is from the start of the 19th century.
In front of the church, under a Brazilian tree, is the tomb of Emmanuel Liais (1826 - 1900) who was a mayor of Cherbourg from 1884 to 1886 and again from 1892 until his death in 1900, he was buried in Hardinvast because he owned a house here.
During World War 2, the village was a strong place for the German army with launching pads for V1 and V2 missiles, they were destroyed by Allied bombings in 1944.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15829254 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauteville-sur-Mer | Hauteville-sur-Mer | Hauteville-sur-Mer (, literally Hauteville on Sea) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Hautevillesurmer |
15829255 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Haye-Bellefond | La Haye-Bellefond | La Haye-Bellefond () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Hayebellefond |
15829259 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Haye-d%27Ectot | La Haye-d'Ectot | La Haye-d'Ectot () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Hayedectot |
15829265 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Haye-Pesnel | La Haye-Pesnel | La Haye-Pesnel () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
Heraldry
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Hayepesnel |
15829272 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9auville | Héauville | Héauville () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15829279 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9b%C3%A9crevon | Hébécrevon | Hébécrevon () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Thèreval.
History
Hébécrevon was the site of many battles in July 1944 leading to the Allied victory of the St. Lo campaign in July 1944. It was here that US Army Forward Artillery observer Lt. Henry Victor Crawford, and his jeep driver, Corporal Charles Brown died, just yards from the Hebecrevon Church.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche |
15829289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montmartin-en-Graignes | Montmartin-en-Graignes | Montmartin-en-Graignes () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune Carentan-les-Marais.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche |
15829290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montpinchon | Montpinchon | Montpinchon () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
Heraldry
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15829291 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montrabot | Montrabot | Montrabot is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15829293 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helleville | Helleville | Helleville () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15829294 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreuil-sur-Lozon | Montreuil-sur-Lozon | Montreuil-sur-Lozon () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Montreuilsurlozon |
15829295 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muneville-sur-Mer | Muneville-sur-Mer | Muneville-sur-Mer (, literally Muneville on Sea) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Munevillesurmer |
15829296 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neufmesnil | Neufmesnil | Neufmesnil () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15829299 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montmartin-sur-Mer | Montmartin-sur-Mer | Montmartin-sur-Mer is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
History of this charming small Normandy seaside town and local artist Felix Planquette
Communes of the Manche department
References
Montmartinsurmer
Populated coastal places in France |
15829306 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9mevez | Hémevez | Hémevez is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15829308 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montjoie-Saint-Martin | Montjoie-Saint-Martin | Montjoie-Saint-Martin () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15829312 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ffilharmonious%20Jug%20Band | Ffilharmonious Jug Band | The Ffilharmonious Jug Band was an Anglo-American jug band group in England in the late 1960s. Members were American Jeff Wilson (Guitar, Slide whistle, Washtub bass, Jug, Kazoo, Mandolin, and vocals), American Jim Johnson (Banjo, Guitar, Dobro, percussion, Kazoo, Hand trumpet, Harp, Phonofiddle, Jug, Washtub bass, and vocals), Briton Doug Kyle (Guitar, Harp, Kazoo, Jug, Banjo, and vocals), and Canadian, Pete Ballan (Washboard, spoons, Kazoo, Souzazoo, Door bell, Bicycle bell, cymbals, Sanding blocks, and vocals).
The band first played at the old Coach and Horses public house on the A-40 in East Wycombe (High Wycombe area), England, in 1966. The Coach and Horses hosted a folk club evening each week and that is where the two Americans met Kyle and Ballan. Kyle and Johnson had been playing jug band music separately for a few years so it was an instant match. They organized the group almost immediately. Wilson was a fairly accomplished musician who had been playing popular music for some years and had been playing American folk music of the 1960s with Johnson in the duo "Jim & Jeff". Pete Ballan had been a British Merchant seaman and was a regular at the folk club where he enjoyed the English traditional songs - especially sea shanties.
After considering several options the name Ffilharmonious Jug Band was chosen. The group played at folk clubs, universities, public houses, and concert venues over much of southeast England and recorded an LP titled The Ffilharmonious Jug Band at Pinner Studios, London area in 1967.
Discography
The Ffilharmonious Jug Band track listing:
* "Mobile Line"
* "Stealin', Stealin'"
* "Alberta"
* "Sadie Green"
* "Back in Black"
* "The Blues My Naughty Sweetie Gives to Me"
* "Rag Mama"
* "Jug Band Music (The Doctor Sez Give 'em)"
* "Why Don't Women Like Me"
* "Crazy Words, Crazy Tune"
* "Houston"
References
American Roots Music, by Robert Santelli, 2002, ,
External links
Yahoo Jug Band Discussion Group
Jugband.Org
The Annual Battle of the Jug Bands
JugFest
The Hump Night Thumpers
That Fat Chance Jugband
Chasin' Gus' Ghost jug band documentary
The Blue Lights
The Jugadelics
"But Only Use a 10-Cent Comb", Time magazine, December 27, 1963
American country music groups
American folk musical groups |
15829313 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muneville-le-Bingard | Muneville-le-Bingard | Muneville-le-Bingard () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Munevillelebingard |
15829318 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operations%20Research%20Office | Operations Research Office | The Operations Research Office (ORO) was a civilian military research center founded in 1948 by the United States Army. It was run under contract by Johns Hopkins University and is regarded as one of the founding institutes of operations research as an interdisciplinary science.
The organization's offices were originally at Fort McNair, Washington, D.C. They moved to Chevy Chase, Maryland in 1952. In 1961, the Army discontinued Johns Hopkins University's contract, and the ORO was dissolved. Soon after, the Research Analysis Corporation (RAC) was founded, which assumed the ORO's projects and most of its employees. The RAC was funded by the Army until June 1972.
References
Military-related organizations |
15829319 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9renguerville | Hérenguerville | Hérenguerville is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the commune Quettreville-sur-Sienne.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche |
15829320 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerde%2C%20Hautes-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es | Gerde, Hautes-Pyrénées | Gerde (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829323 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Denis-le-V%C3%AAtu | Saint-Denis-le-Vêtu | Saint-Denis-le-Vêtu () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintdenislevetu |
15829324 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herqueville%2C%20Manche | Herqueville, Manche | Herqueville () is a former commune in the Manche department in northwestern France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune La Hague.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche |
15829328 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuville-au-Plain | Neuville-au-Plain | Neuville-au-Plain () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
History
World War II
On 6 June 1944 Neuville-au-Plain was one objective of the 505th Infantry Regiment, 82nd Airborne Division of the United States Army in the invasion of Normandy. After capturing the commune early in the day, just 42 men of Company D/505 PIR, led by 1Lt Turner Brashears Turnbull III (who was killed the next day by an artillery shell), were left to defend it. A much larger German force, consisting mainly of the 1058th Grenadier Regiment of the 91st Infantry Division, counterattacked and half of the defenders were killed or wounded in a heavy 8 hour battle. Eventually two of the American defenders, Sergeant Robert Niland and Corporal James Kelly, volunteered to remain behind. They were among wounded members of the 3rd platoon who held the German force off long enough for the rest to escape. Sergeant Niland was killed during this action.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Neuvilleauplain |
15829331 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuville-en-Beaumont | Neuville-en-Beaumont | Neuville-en-Beaumont is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Neuvilleenbeaumont |
15829333 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rauville-la-Bigot | Rauville-la-Bigot | Rauville-la-Bigot () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Rauvillelabigot |
15829334 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rauville-la-Place | Rauville-la-Place | Rauville-la-Place () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy France. It is located just to the northeast of Saint-Sauveur-le-Vicomte. In 2017 the population was 376.
Demography
Population
In 2017 the population of Rauville-la-Place was 376. In 2007 there were 172 multi-person families and forty-eight single person homes (with twenty men and twenty-eight females living alone), 56 were couples without children, 56 couples with children and 12 single-parent families.
Population growth and loss is shown in the following chart:
Homes
Rauville-la-Place had 227 homes, 172 were primary homes, of which thirty-five were second residences and fifteen were unoccupied. Two-hundred-seventeen of these were houses and three were apartment buildings. Of the 172 primary residences, 139 were occupied by its owners, 37 were occupied by renters and their families and three were let at no cost. Nine residences had two bedrooms, 23 had three, 44 had four and the rest had. 131 residences had one parking place on the property, with 82 residences having one vehicle, and 75 having two or more.
Economy
In 2007, 245 residents were of working age, of which 186 were active and 59 inactive. Of the 186 people considered to be active, 175 were employed and eleven were unemployed. Of the fifty-nine who were inactive, thirty-one were retired, ten were students and eighteen were classified as "other inactive".
Income
In 2009 there were 172 properties in Rauville-la-Place, with a population of 387. The median annual taxable income per person was 17,816 €.
Economic Activity
Of the 11 business establishments in Rauville-la-Place in 2007, 1 was a grocer's, 6 were construction businesses, 2 were car repair businesses and 2 were lodging and restaurant businesses.
There were 6 service businesses in Rauville-la-Place in 2009: a bricklayer, a painter and plasterer, a carpenter, a plumber, an electrician and a restaurant.
The only commercial establishment in 2009 was a chemist's shop.
In 2000 there were 28 farms in Rauville-la-Place, occupying a total of 833 hectares.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Rauvillelaplace |
15829335 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placy-Montaigu | Placy-Montaigu | Placy-Montaigu () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Saint-Amand-Villages.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Placymontaigu |
15829337 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontaubault | Pontaubault | Pontaubault () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
History
Patton's VIII Corps crossed the Pontaubault bridge on 1 August 1944 into Brittany following the success of Operation Cobra
Traffic
From 29 July 1901 to 31 December 1933, Pontaubault was connected via the metre gauge Avranches–Saint-James tramway to Avranches and Saint-James, which operated three steam trains for mixed passenger and goods transport each day in both directions.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15829338 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont-H%C3%A9bert | Pont-Hébert | Pont-Hébert () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2018, the former commune of Le Hommet-d'Arthenay was merged into Pont-Hébert.
Geography
Climate
Pont-Hébert has an oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb). The average annual temperature in Pont-Hébert is . The average annual rainfall is with December as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around , and lowest in January, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Pont-Hébert was on 5 August 2003; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 2 January 1997.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Ponthebert |
15829340 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heugueville-sur-Sienne | Heugueville-sur-Sienne | Heugueville-sur-Sienne is a commune in the Manche department in northwestern France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Heuguevillesursienne |
15829341 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regn%C3%A9ville-sur-Mer | Regnéville-sur-Mer | Regnéville-sur-Mer () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Château de Regnéville
Phare de la pointe d'Agon - Pointe d'Agon Lighthouse
Les Fours à Chaux du Rey - Lime Kilns and Maritime Museum, Regnéville
Regnéville-sur-Mer official webpage
Communes of the Manche department
References
Regnevillesurmer
Populated coastal places in France |
15829342 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reigneville-Bocage | Reigneville-Bocage | Reigneville-Bocage () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Reignevillebocage |
15829344 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remilly-sur-Lozon | Remilly-sur-Lozon | Remilly-sur-Lozon () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the new commune Remilly-les-Marais.
Heraldry
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
External links
Bravery, betrayal and the SAS; Château de Montfort, Remilly-sur-Lozon - a short history of the area with focus on the Resistance and Operation Titanic in WW2
Remillysurlozon |
15829345 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simeon%20Datumanong | Simeon Datumanong | Simeon Ampatuan Datumanong (June 17, 1935 – February 28, 2017) was a Filipino Muslim politician who held different government positions including being a representative of the lone district of Maguindanao in the House of Representatives of the Philippines. He was married to Hadja Sittie Mariam Sigrid de Guzman Datumanong and had four children.
Education
He finished elementary school as the class valedictorian at Cotabato Central School in Cotabato City on 1949. He was the first honorable mention when he finished his high school studies at Cotabato High School. Right after finishing high school, he took up Bachelor of Laws at the University of the Philippines. He was admitted to the Bar in 1959.
Political career
Datumanong entered politics when he was elected as Vice-Governor (1963–1967) then as Governor (1967–1971) of Cotabato. When the province of Cotabato was split to the provinces of Maguindanao, Sultan Kudarat, and North Cotabato, he was elected as the first governor of Maguindanao in 1973 and served until 1975. He was then elected to the Regular Batasang Pambansa from Maguindanao in 1984.
In 1992, Datumanong was elected to the Philippine House of Representatives to represent Maguindanao's Second District. He served until 2001 when he was appointed by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo as Secretary of Public Works and Highways. In 2003, he was Secretary of Justice and served until his resignation in the same year. He was reelected to the Philippine House of Representatives in 2007.
References
Datumanong resume
Datumanong Personal Information
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1935 births
2017 deaths
Secretaries of justice of the Philippines
Secretaries of public works and highways of the Philippines
Members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from Maguindanao
Governors of Cotabato
Governors of Maguindanao
Lakas–CMD politicians
University of the Philippines alumni
Filipino former Christians
Filipino Muslims
Arroyo administration cabinet members
Deputy speakers of the House of Representatives of the Philippines
Members of the Batasang Pambansa |
15829347 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9tot-Sainte-Suzanne | Prétot-Sainte-Suzanne | Prétot-Sainte-Suzanne () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Montsenelle.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Pretotsaintesuzanne |
15829349 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Andr%C3%A9-de-Bohon | Saint-André-de-Bohon | Saint-André-de-Bohon () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintandredebohon |
15829353 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Andr%C3%A9-de-l%27%C3%89pine | Saint-André-de-l'Épine | Saint-André-de-l'Épine () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintandredelepine |
15829354 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heuss%C3%A9 | Heussé | Heussé () is a former commune in the Manche department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the commune of Le Teilleul.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche |
15829355 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Aubin-des-Pr%C3%A9aux | Saint-Aubin-des-Préaux | Saint-Aubin-des-Préaux () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintaubindespreaux |
15829359 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hill%20farming | Hill farming | Hill farming or terrace farming is an extensive farming in upland areas, primarily rearing sheep, although historically cattle were often reared extensively in upland areas. Fell farming is the farming of fells, a fell being an area of uncultivated high ground used as common grazing. It is a term commonly used in Northern England, especially in the Lake District and the Pennine Dales. Elsewhere, the terms hill farming or pastoral farming are more commonly used.
Cattle farming in the hills is usually restricted by a scarcity of winter fodder, and hill sheep, grazing at about two hectares per head, are often taken to lowland areas for fattening.
Modern hill farming is often heavily dependent on state subsidy, for example in the United Kingdom it received support from the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy. Improved, sown pasture and drained moorland can be stocked more heavily, at approximately one sheep per 0.26 hectares.
Location and organization
Hill farming is a type of agricultural practice in the UK in upland regions. In England, hill farms are located mainly in the North and South-Western regions, as well as a few areas bordering Wales. The Scottish highlands are another home for many hill farms. Sheep farms and mixed sheep and cattle farms constitute approximately 55% of the agricultural land in Scotland. These areas have a harsh climate, short growing seasons, relatively poor quality of soil and long winters. Therefore, these areas are considered to be disadvantaged and the animals raised there are generally less productive and farmers will often send them down to the lowlands to be fattened up.
Upland areas are not traditionally favourable for agricultural practices. The majority of Hill farming land in England is classified as Less Favoured Area (LFA), and the LFA constitutes 17% of land farmed in England. The LFA is further divided into Severely Disadvantaged Areas (SDAs) and Disadvantaged Areas (DAs), which make up 67% and 33% of the LFA respectively. These areas are classified as such on account of poor climate, soils, and terrain which cause higher costs in production and transportation as well as lower yields and less productivity. The LFA is significant in England's farming on a whole despite these disadvantages: 30% of beef cows and 44% of breeding sheep come from LFAs. Farming distinctively shapes the ecosystems of these zones, and the agriculture practices in the uplands define and shape the environment and landscape.
Upland areas are usually covered with both dry and wet dwarf shrub heath and, rough and either managed or unmanaged improved grasslands. The typical hill farm is made up of three distinct zones: the High fell, the Alotment, and the Inbye. The High fell includes peat moors and rocky areas which provide poor grazing at the top. The Alotment follows below, an enclosed area with rough grazing. The Inbye is the lowest area at the bottom, which is used as the regular grazing area as well as for growing hay.
History
Dartmoor National Park has over 10,000ha of prehistoric field systems, dating back to 1500BC. Archaeological evidence shows that these moors have been grazed for 3500 years. Because of the extent of historical farming in the UK uplands, hill farming has shaped the English uplands both environmentally and culturally.
The UK government has designated different areas in the upland as specifically valuable by certain terms of the environment, biodiversity, archaeology, cultural heritage and landscape, and seeks to protect these regions for such reasons. According to the UK government, these designated areas and their qualifications as such are:
National parks
"These protect and conserve the character of landscapes, facilities for access, wildlife habitats and historic features"
Areas of outstanding natural beauty
"These conserve and enhance naturally beautiful landscapes"
Countryside character areas
"Areas of cultural heritage which should be preserved"
Natural England natural areas
"Each area has a unique identity created by its mix of natural features and human activities and provides a broad context for local nature conservation work"
Common land
"Areas where people who do not own the land have rights to use it for farming or other purposes"
National nature reserves
"These protect and provide public access to important wildlife and geological sites"
Special areas of conservation
"These protect various wild animals, plants and habitats under the European Union’s Habitats Directive"
Special protection areas
"These protect rare and vulnerable birds and migratory species as well as geological and physiographical heritage"
Upland experiment areas
"Two upland areas where Natural England/Defra predecessor bodies piloted an integrated approach to rural development and nature conservation between 1999 and 2001"
Ancient woodland
"Land that has had continuous tree cover since at least 1600"
Over the past century, Hill farming and the upland environment have undergone a number of changes.
Since 1900 there has been:
An approximately 500% increase in the number of sheep livestock.
A decrease in medium-sized farms, due to increase in large farms businesses and the emergence of small-scale hobby farmers.
Increased specialization in livestock and a movement away from tradition mixed farming methods.
Fairly consistent labour employment on account of constant agricultural intensification offsetting reductions in labour output made possible by technological advancements.
A high turnover rates in upland ecosystem habitat types. For example, although the percentage of land classified as dwarf shrub moor remained relatively stable between 1913 and 2000, only 55% of the dwarf moor shrub land in 1913 occupied the same area as it does in 2000.
Uplands ecosystems
A large number of upland ecosystems have been shaped by humans for centuries, particularly by farming and agriculture. Because of this, many upland ecosystems have become dependent on hill farm land management.
Hill farming practices play a significant role in supporting surrounding flora and fauna in the uplands. Through grazing, sheep and cattle maintain a variety of tall grasses and short vegetation. This in turn supports local wildlife, as the short vegetation provides breeding and nesting grounds for many species of waders, including the lapwing, redshank, and golden plover. The taller grasses are an important part of the Curlew habitat, which is another species of wader. Cattle dung provides nutrition for many species of insects and carrion provides food for various species of scavenging birds.
During winter farmers will usually keep the animals indoors, supplementing the livestock's diet with hay or silage. The land used to grow winter feed that are not mowed are able to provide protection for a variety of birds including skylarks, partridge, and corncrakes who build on their nests on the ground.
Agricultural use, burning, and grazing by both livestock and wild life such as deer, helps to sustain the upland grasslands, moorland and bogs. If these ecosystems were not maintained they would be colonized by trees and scrub.
Sustainable careful maintenance is highly important in hill farming in order to protect the delicate relationship that farm manage has on the biodiversity of native plant and animal species.
Upland ecosystems have seen a shift in the last century, associated with widespread habitat deterioration caused by human actions and exploitation.
The decline in grazing animals accompanied with the milder winters experienced in recent years has caused an overgrowth in vegetation, putting the ecosystem, as well as various archaeological sites at risk. The Dartmoor Vision initiative is trying to return Dartmoor to its former predominantly cattle, sheep, and pony grazed landscape.
Government support and subsidies
Hill farm incomes in the UK have recently seen great decrease following drops in lamb and beef prices. Therefore, subsidy support has become vital for Hill farm survival, and the policies have been changing in response to continuous uncertainty in the sector.
Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)
Hill farming has been supported by both the British government and EU policies, one of the most influential EU scheme being The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The CAP provided production-based direct (headage) which gave incentive to stock beef cattle and sheep at high densities. This led to, in some circumstances, overgrazing which damages natural and semi-natural vegetation. Because of overgrazing and issues with the accumulation of surpluses, the CAP was reformed. The two most recent reforms to the CAP were Agenda 2000 in 1999 and the Mid Term Review of June 2003 and April 2004. These changes are phasing out support and protections linked to production, and are providing more support on environmental and rural developments.
Single Farm Payment
The Single Farm Payment replaced the older headage payments (CAP) in 2005. Analyses of the effects of economic incentives provided to hill farmers by decoupling and the introduction of the Single Farm Payment show that although these policies cause little change in average farm incomes they do encourage change in the way hill farms run. Specifically the policies promote the reduction of stocking densities, reduction of employment of additional farm labour, movement away from reliance on beef cattle, increased specialization, and to keep farming land in “good agricultural condition” rather than farm abandonment. The EU plans to phase out and progressively reduce the SFP, and the SFP is guaranteed until 2013.
Other policies
Other subsidy schemes from the British government are available to hill farmers, particularly the Uplands Entry Level Stewardship (Uplands ELS) and agri-environment schemes. The Uplands ELS replaced the prior Hill Farm Allowance in 2010. Before the HFA, hill farms we subsidized by the Hill Livestock Compensatory Allowances which were active as headage support to eligible beef cows and ewes. Because the DAs are more profitable than the SDAs, active since 2008 DAs became ineligible for funding from the Hill Farming Allowance (HFA).
In addition to the Upland ELS, hill farmers in England's SDAs are supported by the Single Payment Scheme (SPS), which is the primary agricultural subsidy scheme under the EU. Subsidies from the SPS are not dependent on production, granting greater freedom to farmers to meet market demands. The SPS also claims to specifically support hill farmers who follow environmentally friendly farming practices.
In order to receive these subsidies, hill farmers must meet cross compliance rules and regulations, which mainly involves avoidance of overgrazing and unsuitable supplementary feeding on natural and semi-natural vegetation under GAEC (standard of good agricultural and environmental condition). These standards were implemented to protect significant habitats and to limit soil erosion and other negative effects of soil structure in the uplands.
Certain upland farmers and communities also have access to funding from the Rural Development Programme for England (RDPE) team at Defra. The reduction of farming subsidies that have taken place over the past few decades has created an uncertain future for farming in many parts of Europe.
Recent strain on hill farming
Without government subsidies, many hill farms would have a negative income. The high cost of land and machinery keeps many hill farmers from expanding. Hill farmers in some parts of England have reported a 75% decrease in income over the past decade.
Hill farmer income is subject to large fluctuation above the influence of the farmers. The harsh terrain and climate of hill farms are hard on the animals, causing them to be relatively very unproductive. Because of this, hill farming can have economic strains on the farmers who generally have low income. Wet weather, as often experienced in the uplands, create additional animal feed costs for farmers.
Many hill farmers earn around £12,600, with some earning as little as £8,000. This is much below the annual £19,820 a single working adult requires to live in a village in England. In 2008, a farmer would receive a profit of £1 for a single moorland lamb. The average LFA farm in England only earns about 66% of their total revenue from farming. 22% of this revenue comes from the Single Farm Payment, and 10% from specific agri-environment payments. The 2% balance originated from non-farm activities, which are usually associated with contracting or tourism and recreation.
Hill farmers in Peak District National Park (PDNP) constitute one of UK's most deprived farming communities, with farms in the LFA making an average loss of £16,000 per farm, generating an average headline Farm Business Income of £10,800 (supplemented by various government subsidies), creating a net income average per farm of about £6000.
The hill farming sector in southwest England, like farming in the rest of the country, has experienced a decade of much change associated with economic pressures and uncertainties.
On average, the financial position of hill farms in South West England, like the rest of the country, is precarious. The average southwest English hill farm system in unable to match labour and capital invest in the business.
Many farmers rely on a Single Farm Payment as a source of income. These payments are expected to arrive in November or December, but sometimes farmers do not receive the money until June. Due to this farmers are often unable to pay their bills or fix their machinery. Some farmers have to cut back on the feed given to their animals, leading to a decrease in meat production and therefore lower profit. By 2012 the Single Payment Scheme (or SPS), will only take into consideration the area of the farm. This will decrease the income in moorland farmers to only 70% of what it was 20 years ago.
The income from calves and lambs has remained constant, while the costs of farm upkeep have risen sharply (including items such as feed, straw, fuel, or fertilizer). Because hill farming is becoming increasingly less profitable an increasing number of farmers have switched from the traditional hearty but less profitable animals which graze the moors to mainstream more profitable animals.
Opportunities for farmers to supplement their farm income by working in industries such as quarrying or mining are largely no longer available. The financial burden has taken a toll on many hill farmers, causing them to exhibit signs of mental health issues. Many hill farmers are forced to generate supplemental income outside their farms or to take out loans. Because of these economic factors, there is little incentive for younger generations to continue on with the hill farming.
Problems
As discussed in an article on the Carnegie UK Trust Rural Community Development Programme site:
The Foot and Mouth outbreak in Cumbria in 2001 led to the culling of over a million sheep. It also showed that the hill (fell) farming communities were as vulnerable as the pastoral system they have created over many generations.
See also
Environmental philosophy
Hill Farming Act 1946
Pastoral farming
Sheepdog trials
References
Specific
General
Natural England, September 10, 2012. Hill Farming Retrieved on October 31, 2012
Harvey, D., Scott, C. February, 2012. Farm Business Survey 2010/2011 Hill Farming in England. Retrieved on October 31, 2012.
BBC. Bite Size Geography: Hill Farming. Retrieved on October 31, 2012.
Dartmoor Vision Group, April 2008. Moor Farming Delivering the Dartmoor Vision. Retrieved on October 31, 2012.
Armsworth, Paul et al. (2009). A Landscape-Scale Analysis of the Sustainability of the Hill Farming Economy and Impact of Farm Production Decisions on Upland Landscapes and Biodiversity: Full Research Report ESRC End of Award Report, RES-227-25-0028. Swindon: ESRC
Scottish Natural Heritage, September 6, 2012. Hill Farming Retrieved on October 31, 2012.
UK Data Archive, 2007–2008. Study Number 6363: Sustainability of Hill Farming. Retrieved October 31, 2012.
UTASS and Rose Regeneration for Oxfam, 2012. Challenges Facing Farmers. Retrieved on October 31, 2012.
Turner, M., Robbins, K., Silcock, P., June 20, 2008. Hill Farming in South West England: Economic Viability and the Delivery of Public Goods. Retrieved on October 31, 2012
Peak District Rural Deprivation Forum, 2004. Hard Times. Retrieved on October 31, 2012.
External links
Leader+ Fells and Dales project
The Rough Fell Sheep Breeders' Association
Hill Farm - Scottish Natural Heritage
Environmental Stewardship - UK Government
Farming in Dartmoor Fact Sheet - Dartmoor National Park Authority
Agriculture by type
Agriculture in the United Kingdom |
15829360 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Aubin-de-Terregatte | Saint-Aubin-de-Terregatte | Saint-Aubin-de-Terregatte () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintaubindeterregatte |
15829364 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Aubin-du-Perron | Saint-Aubin-du-Perron | Saint-Aubin-du-Perron () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Saint-Sauveur-Villages. It has 258 inhabitants (2019). In 1823 it yielded a part of its territory for the creation of the commune Le Mesnilbus.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintaubinduperron |
15829365 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiesville | Hiesville | Hiesville () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy, north-western France. A small commune, Hiesville covers an area of just . It is bounded by Boutteville to the north, Blosville to the west, Sainte-Marie-du-Mont to the east, and Vierville to the south, and lies several kilometres from the Normandy coast.
The population was 70 as of 2019. It was 148 in 1866.
Etymology
It was known as Hevilla in 1164, de Heevilla in 1180, and Hievilla in 1327. It derives from the Germanic personal name Hedo, and villa (translation: "village").
History
Early residents
Michel le Loup, of Yeville (Hiesville), was knighted in the year 1543.
The nobleman and squire, Guillaume Bellot of Hiesville was knighted in 1594. In 1598, Maurice du Praël owned the fiefdom and was the Lord of Hiesville. Eight years later, in 1606, the noblemen of Hiesville included Jacques Richier, Sieur de Colombières, a Calvinist; Jacques Bellot, Sieur de Callouville; and Pierre Lelong, Sieur de Limarcst, also a Calvinist. By 1789, Lord of Hiesville was Joseph-Bon-Pierre Le Vavasseur.
World War II
There are three memorials related to the invasion of Normandy during World War II in the area as it was where the gliders of the 101st Airborne Division landed. Officers of the 101st Airborne Division set a hospital up at the Chateau de Colombières which was at the north end of Hiesville, near Utah Beach.
Landmarks
Notable buildings include the Église Saint-Côme Saint-Damien and the 17th century Château de Hiesville which was also renovated in the 19th century.
Église Saint-Côme Saint-Damien, the parish church, is an oblong square, and consists of a chancel and a nave. Built in the 13th century and renovated in the 19th century, it is dedicated to the patron saints of Saints Cosmas and Damian. Since 1803, it was an annex of Blosville, but this relationship ended in 1856.
Notable people
Jean-Baptiste Le Carpentier (born Hiesville, 1759), Deputy to the French National Convention
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
15829366 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Brice-de-Landelles | Saint-Brice-de-Landelles | Saint-Brice-de-Landelles () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintbricedelandelles |
15829369 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sainte-Suzanne-sur-Vire | Sainte-Suzanne-sur-Vire | Sainte-Suzanne-sur-Vire (, literally Sainte-Suzanne on Vire) is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintesuzannesurvire
Manche communes articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
15829370 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-%C3%89bremond-de-Bonfoss%C3%A9 | Saint-Ébremond-de-Bonfossé | Saint-Ébremond-de-Bonfossé () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2017, it was merged into the commune Canisy. Its population was 719 in 2019.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintebremonddebonfosse |
15829371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Floxel | Saint-Floxel | Saint-Floxel () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
References
Saintfloxel |
15829373 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%20Hommet-d%27Arthenay | Le Hommet-d'Arthenay | Le Hommet-d'Arthenay () is a former commune in the Manche department in north-western France. On 1 January 2018, it was merged into the commune of Pont-Hébert.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Hommetdarthenay |
15829377 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houtteville | Houtteville | Houtteville () is a former commune in the Manche department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the commune of Picauville.
Heraldry
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche |
15829378 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gourgue | Gourgue | Gourgue (; ) is a commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department in south-western France.
See also
Communes of the Hautes-Pyrénées department
References
Communes of Hautes-Pyrénées |
15829381 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huisnes-sur-Mer | Huisnes-sur-Mer | Huisnes-sur-Mer (, literally Huisnes on Sea) is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche
Populated coastal places in France |
15829385 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husson%20%28commune%29 | Husson (commune) | Husson () is a former commune in the Manche department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the commune of Le Teilleul.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
Thérèse-Adèle Husson
References
Former communes of Manche |
15829390 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyenville | Hyenville | Hyenville () is a former commune in the Manche department in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the commune of Quettreville-sur-Sienne. Its population was 351 in 2019.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Former communes of Manche |
15829398 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isigny-le-Buat | Isigny-le-Buat | Isigny-le-Buat () is a commune in the Manche department in north-western France.
Population
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Isignylebuat |
15829408 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyber%20Storm%20Exercise | Cyber Storm Exercise | The Cyber Storm exercise is a biennial simulated exercise overseen by the United States Department of Homeland Security that took place February 6 through February 10, 2006 with the purpose of testing the nation's defenses against digital espionage. The simulation was targeted primarily at American security organizations but officials from the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia and New Zealand participated as well.
Cyber Storm I
The first Cyber Storm exercise took place February 6 through February 10, 2006 with the purpose of testing the nation's defenses against digital espionage.
Simulation
The exercise simulated a large scale attack on critical digital infrastructure such as communications, transportation, and energy production. The simulation took place a series of incidents which included:
Washington, D.C. Metro trains mysteriously shutting down.
Bloggers revealing locations of railcars containing hazardous materials.
The airport control towers of Philadelphia and Chicago mysteriously shutting down.
A mysterious liquid appearing on a London subway.
Significant numbers of people on "no fly" lists suddenly appearing at airports all over the nation.
Planes flying too close to the White House.
Water utilities in Los Angeles getting compromised.
Internal difficulties
During the exercise the computers running the simulation came under attack by the players themselves. Heavily censored files released to the Associated Press reveal that at some time during the exercise the organizers sent every one involved an e-mail marked "IMPORTANT!" telling the participants in the simulation not to attack the game's control computers.
Performance of participants
The Cyber Storm exercise highlighted the gaps and shortcomings of the nation's cyber defenses. The cyber storm exercise report found that institutions under attack had a hard time getting the bigger picture and instead focused on single incidents treating them as "individual and discrete". In light of the test the Department of Homeland Security raised concern that the relatively modest resources assigned to cyber-defense would be "overwhelmed in a real attack".
Cyber Storm II
Cyber Storm II was an international cyber security exercise sponsored by the United States Department of Homeland Security in 2008. The week-long exercise was centered in Washington, DC and concluded on March 15.
Cyber Storm III
Cyber Storm III was an international cyber security exercise sponsored by the United States Department of Homeland Security in 2010. The week-long exercise was centered in Washington, DC and concluded on October 1.
See also
Cyber ShockWave
References
2006 in computing
Computer security
United States Department of Homeland Security |
15829410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genos%20%28disambiguation%29 | Genos (disambiguation) | A genos was a type of social group in ancient Greece.
Genos may also refer to:
Geno's Steaks, a restaurant in Philadelphia
Génos, Haute-Garonne, a French commune in the Haute-Garonne department
Génos, Hautes-Pyrénées, a French commune in the Hautes-Pyrénées department
Genos, a character in the web comic manga series One-Punch Man
See also
Geno (disambiguation) |
15829411 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Maurice-en-Cotentin | Saint-Maurice-en-Cotentin | Saint-Maurice-en-Cotentin (; literally "Saint-Maurice in Cotentin") is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintmauriceencotentin |
15829418 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Michel-de-la-Pierre | Saint-Michel-de-la-Pierre | Saint-Michel-de-la-Pierre () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2019, it was merged into the new commune Saint-Sauveur-Villages.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintmicheldelapierre |
15829421 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Michel-de-Montjoie | Saint-Michel-de-Montjoie | Saint-Michel-de-Montjoie () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintmicheldemontjoie |
15829424 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Nicolas-de-Pierrepont | Saint-Nicolas-de-Pierrepont | Saint-Nicolas-de-Pierrepont () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintnicolasdepierrepont |
15829427 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Samson-de-Bonfoss%C3%A9 | Saint-Samson-de-Bonfossé | Saint-Samson-de-Bonfossé () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Bourgvallées.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintsamsondebonfosse |
15829428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-S%C3%A9bastien-de-Raids | Saint-Sébastien-de-Raids | Saint-Sébastien-de-Raids () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintsebastienderaids |
15829432 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Symphorien-des-Monts | Saint-Symphorien-des-Monts | Saint-Symphorien-des-Monts () is a former commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Buais-les-Monts. Its population was 124 in 2019.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Saintsymphoriendesmonts |